About 3-4 feet in height; to 6 feet or more when in flower. Spreading from underground stems and forming large patches.
Growth Rate:
Moderate.
Range:
Eastern and southeastern United States west to Texas and south to the Monroe County Keys; West Indies and Mexico. Absent or very rare in the upper Florida Keys.
Habitats:
Beach dunes and open coastal areas.
Soils:
Moist, well-drained sandy soils, without humus.
Nutritional Requirements:
Low; it grows in nutrient poor soils.
Salt Water Tolerance:
Low; does not tolerate long-term flooding by salt or brackish water.
Salt Wind Tolerance:
Frontline; grows in direct salt wind but away from constant salt spray.
Drought Tolerance:
High; does not require any supplemental water once established.
Light Requirements:
Full sun.
Flower Color:
Light brown inflorescence.
Flower Characteristics:
Showy inflorescence.
Flowering Season:
All year; peak in summer.
Fruit:
Inconspicuous light brown caryopsis. Primarily late summer to early fall.
Wildlife and Ecology:
The most important stabilizer of sand on beach dunes. Most plants are established through vegetative reproduction.
Horticultural Notes:
Can be grown from seed and division.
Comments:
It is illegal to collect the flower spike or seed heads in Florida, without a permit.
Gann, G.D., M.E. Abdo, J.W. Gann, G.D. Gann, Sr., S.W.
Woodmansee, K.A. Bradley, E. Grahl and K.N. Hines. 2005-2013. Natives For Your Neighborhood. http://www.regionalconservation.org.
The Institute for Regional Conservation. Delray Beach, Florida USA.