| Sea-oats
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| Uniola paniculata
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| Poaceae
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Landscape Uses:
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Accent grass in sunny coastal locations. |
Ecological Restoration Notes: |
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| Availability: |
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Commonly available at native plant nurseries in central Florida. Available at native plant nurseries in South Florida. |
| Description: |
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Large herbaceous grass. |
| Height: |
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About 3-4 feet in height; to 6 feet or more when in flower. Spreading from underground stems and forming large patches. |
| Growth Rate: |
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Moderate. |
| Range: |
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Eastern and southeastern United States west to Texas and south to the Monroe County Keys; West Indies and Mexico. Absent or very rare in the upper Florida Keys. |
| Habitats: |
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Beach dunes and open coastal areas. |
| Soils: |
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Moist, well-drained sandy soils, without humus. |
| Nutritional Requirements: |
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Low; it grows in nutrient poor soils. |
| Salt Water Tolerance: |
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Low; does not tolerate long-term flooding by salt or brackish water. |
| Salt Wind Tolerance: |
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Frontline; grows in direct salt wind but away from constant salt spray. |
| Drought Tolerance: |
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High; does not require any supplemental water once established. |
| Light Requirements: |
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Full sun. |
| Flower Color: |
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Light brown inflorescence. |
| Flower Characteristics: |
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Showy inflorescence. |
| Flowering Season: |
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All year; peak in summer. |
| Fruit: |
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Inconspicuous light brown caryopsis. Primarily late summer to early fall. |
| Wildlife and Ecology: |
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The most important stabilizer of sand on beach dunes. Most plants are established through vegetative reproduction. |
| Horticultural Notes: |
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Can be grown from seed and division. |
| Comments: |
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It is illegal to collect the flower spike or seed heads in Florida, without a permit. See also the Florida Wildflower Foundation's Flower Friday page and a 2022 post on the Treasure Coast Natives blog about the mysteries of the Sea-oat. |
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