|                    Giant wild-pine, Giant airplant
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                |                    Tillandsia utriculata  
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                |                    Bromeliaceae 
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                 Landscape Uses:
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                 Accent epiphyte; on live oaks along forest edges. | 
               
                Ecological Restoration Notes:  | 
               
              
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                 A relatively common epiphyte in hammocks and swamps. | 
               
              
                | Availability: | 
               
              
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                 Grown by enthusiasts. | 
               
              
                | Description: | 
               
              
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                 Epiphytic herb; or terrestrial growing in leaf litter. | 
               
              
                | Height: | 
               
              
                |   | 
                 12-30 inches in height; 6 feet or more in flower. | 
               
              
                | Growth Rate: | 
               
              
                |   | 
                 Slow. | 
               
              
                | Range: | 
               
              
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                 Monroe County Keys north to Flagler, Putnam, Lake and Citrus counties; West Indies, Mexico, Central America and northern South America. | 
               
              
                | Habitats: | 
               
              
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                 Moist forests and swamps. | 
               
              
                | Soils: | 
               
              
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                 Epiphytic; or terrestrial in moist, well-drained humusy leaf litter, acid to neutral pH. | 
               
              
                | Nutritional Requirements: | 
               
              
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                 Low; it grows on nutrient poor substrate. | 
               
              
                | Salt Water Tolerance: | 
               
              
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                 Low; does not tolerate long-term flooding by salt or brackish water. | 
               
              
                | Salt Wind Tolerance: | 
               
              
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                 Moderate; grows near salt water, but is protected from direct salt spray by other vegetation. | 
               
              
                | Drought Tolerance: | 
               
              
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                 High; does not require any supplemental water once established. | 
               
              
                | Light Requirements: | 
               
              
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                 Light shade. | 
               
              
                | Flower Color: | 
               
              
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                 Greenish-yellow. | 
               
              
                | Flower Characteristics: | 
               
              
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                 Semi-showy inflorescence. | 
               
              
                | Flowering Season: | 
               
              
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                 Summer-fall. | 
               
              
                | Fruit: | 
               
              
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                 Green to brown capsule with hairy, wind dispersed seeds. | 
               
              
                | Wildlife and Ecology: | 
               
              
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                  | 
               
                     
                | Horticultural Notes: | 
               
              
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                 Can be grown from seed.  This is a monocarpic species, which dies after flowering. | 
               
              
                | Comments: | 
               
              
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                 It is listed as endangered by the state of Florida. | 
               
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