Landscape Uses:
	Wildflower gardens.
Ecological Restoration Notes:
Availability:
	Native plant nurseries.
Description:
	Medium short-lived herbaceous wildflower.
Height:
	Typically 1-3 feet in height. Usually taller than broad.
Growth Rate:
	Moderate.
Range:
	Widespread in North America south to Miami-Dade and Collier counties, but very rare in Broward and either very rare or extirpated in the wild in Miami-Dade. Not documented on barrier islands in southeastern Florida, but possibly historically present; it grows well at Pan’s Garden in Palm Beach.
Habitats:
	Pinelands.
Soils:
	Moist to seasonally wet, moderately well-drained sandy or limestone soils, without humus.
Nutritional Requirements:
	Low; it grows in nutrient poor soils.
Salt Water Tolerance:
	Low; does not tolerate flooding by salt or brackish water.
Salt Wind Tolerance:
	Low; salt wind may burn the leaves.
Drought Tolerance:
	High; does not require any supplemental water once established.
Light Requirements:
	Full sun.
Flower Color:
	Yellow and brown.
Flower Characteristics:
	Showy.
Flowering Season:
	Summer-fall.
Fruit:
	Inconspicuous achene.
Wildlife and Ecology:
	Provides nectar for pollinators. Attracts native bees and other beneficial insects. Provides seeds and insects for birds.
Horticultural Notes:
	Can be grown from seed.
Comments:
	See also the Florida Wildflower Foundation's Flower Friday page, and 2-page publication on planting and care of Rudbeckias in landscapes page.