Landscape Uses:
	Primarily recommended for natural landscapes and habitat restorations. Also wildflower gardens.
Ecological Restoration Notes:
Availability:
	Grown by enthusiasts.
Description:
	Medium to large herbaceous wildflower.
Height:
	About 1-2 feet in height; to 4 feet when in flower. As broad as tall except when in flower.
Growth Rate:
	Moderate.
Range:
	Widespread in eastern and central North America west to Texas and south to Miami-Dade and Collier counties. Presumed extirpated in Miami-Dade County. Very rare or extirpated in Broward County; collected twice west of Deerfield Beach and last reported from the Indian Trace Water Management Basin in 1989. Not documented on barrier islands in South Florida, but possibly historically present; it grows well at Pan’s Garden in Palm Beach.
Habitats:
	Wet pinelands.
Soils:
	Wet to moist, seasonally inundated sandy or calcareous soils, without humus.
Nutritional Requirements:
	Low; it grows in nutrient poor soils.
Salt Water Tolerance:
	Low; does not tolerate flooding by salt or brackish water.
Salt Wind Tolerance:
	Low; salt wind may burn the leaves.
Drought Tolerance:
	Low; requires moist to wet soils and is intolerant of long periods of drought.
Light Requirements:
	Full sun.
Flower Color:
	Greenish.
Flower Characteristics:
	Inconspicuous.
Flowering Season:
	Summer.
Fruit:
	A pair of inconspicuous carpels pendent from a supporting axis.
Wildlife and Ecology:
	Attracts native bees and other beneficial insects.
Horticultural Notes:
Comments:
	See also the Florida Wildflower Foundation's Flower Friday page.