Landscape Uses:
	Primarily recommended for natural landscapes and habitat restorations.
Ecological Restoration Notes:
	A somewhat rare understory element of strand swamps and other wetlands.
Availability:
	Rarely grown by native plant nurseries.
Description:
	Large herbaceous wildflower.
Height:
	Typically 3-6 feet in height. About as broad as tall.
Growth Rate:
	Moderate.
Range:
	Widespread in North America south to Broward and Collier counties. Very rare in Broward County; known only from Water Conservation Area 3A and Tree Tops Park.
Habitats:
	Swamps and marshes.
Soils:
	Wet, poorly-drained organic soils.
Nutritional Requirements:
	High; requires rich organic soils for optimal growth.
Salt Water Tolerance:
	Low; does not tolerate flooding by salt or brackish water.
Salt Wind Tolerance:
	Low; salt wind may burn the leaves.
Drought Tolerance:
	Low; requires moist to wet soils and is intolerant of long periods of drought.
Light Requirements:
	Full sun.
Flower Color:
	White.
Flower Characteristics:
	Semi-showy inflorescence.
Flowering Season:
	Summer-fall.
Fruit:
	Pair of inconspicuous carpels pendent from a supporting axis.
Wildlife and Ecology:
	Larval host plant for black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) butterflies.
Horticultural Notes:
Comments:
	DANGER! This plant is extremely poisonous to humans and pets if ingested. See also the Florida Wildflower Foundation's Flower Friday page.