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*The following is based on text excerpted from: Gann, G.D., K.A. Bradley, & S.W. Woodmansee. 2002. Rare Plants of South Florida: Their History, Conservation, and Restoration. The Institute for Regional Conservation: Miami. For the original text, click on the link above and go to the chapter and page number listed in the Update field below. Cite this page as: Gann, G.D., and S.W. Woodmansee. 2006-2013. Species Account Update, Floristic Inventory of South Florida Database Online. The Institute for Regional Conservation. Delray Beach, Florida. If no Update field is displayed, then cite as the original publication.
Sagittaria isoetiformis J.G. Sm.

Quillwort arrowhead

South Florida Status: Critically imperiled. Two occurrences in two conservation areas (Jonathan Dickinson State Park; Kiplinger).

Taxonomy: Monocotyledon; Alismataceae.

Habit: Perennial terrestrial herb.

Distribution: Native to the southeastern coastal plain. Wunderlin (1998) reports it as occasional nearly throughout Florida.

South Florida Distribution: Collier, Glades, Lee, and Martin counties.

South Florida Habitats: Depression marshes, ponds, cypress swamps, and wet disturbed sites.

Protection Status: Not listed by any agency.

Aids to Identification: Godfrey & Wooten (1979) has an illustration.

References: Small, 1933a; Wooten, 1973; Long & Lakela, 1976; Godfrey & Wooten, 1979; Wunderlin, 1998; Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 2000.

Synonyms: None.


Historical Context: Daniel B. Ward and others first collected quillwort arrowhead in 1960 near Palmdale in Glades County (1-13, FLAS), in the vicinity of what is now the Fisheating Creek Wildlife Management Area. In 1968, Olga Lakela made several collections in and north of Immokalee in Collier County (31331, USF; 31347, USF; 31651, USF). In 1973, William C. Brumbach made a collection in a wet roadside ditch on Sanibel Island in Lee County (8469, NY, US). Quillwort arrowhead is extant in Martin County at two locations: in 1988, Roy O. Woodbury collected it at Jonathan Dickinson State Park (s.n., FTG), and in 1999, Woodmansee made a collection at Kiplinger (299, FTG), a park managed by Martin County.

Major Threats: Drainage of wetland habitats; exotic pest plant invasions; wild hog damage.

Comments: This is a temperate species at the southern end of its range, and it always may have been uncommon in South Florida.

Recommendations: • Survey Fisheating Creek Wildlife Management Area. • Map and monitor known stations on a regular basis.